1. Mearin F, Lacy BE, Chang L, Chey WD, Lembo AJ, Simren M, et al. Bowel disorders. Gastroenterology 2016;150:1393. –407. e5.
2. Chey WD, Kurlander J, Eswaran S. Irritable bowel syndrome: a clinical review. JAMA 2015;313:949–58.
3. Amouretti M, Le Pen C, Gaudin AF, Bommelaer G, Frexinos J, Ruszniewski P, et al. Impact of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2006;30:241–6.
4. Parkes GC, Brostoff J, Whelan K, Sanderson JD. Gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome: their role in its pathogenesis and treatment. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1557–67.
6. Cui S, Hu Y. Multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Int J Clin Exp Med 2012;5:238–44.
7. Whorwell PJ, Altringer L, Morel J, Bond Y, Charbonneau D, O’Mahony L, et al. Efficacy of an encapsulated probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1581–90.
8. Yuan F, Ni H, Asche CV, Kim M, Walayat S, Ren J. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin 2017;33:1191–7.
10. Park KY, Jeong JK, Lee YE, Daily JW 3rd. Health benefits of kimchi (Korean fermented vegetables) as a probiotic food. J Med Food 2014;17:6–20.
11. Cho YH, Hong SM, Kim CH. Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from kimchi, Korean traditional fermented food to apply into fermented dairy products. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2013;33:75–82.
12. O’Mahony L, McCarthy J, Kelly P, Hurley G, Luo F, Chen K, et al. Lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in irritable bowel syndrome: symptom responses and relationship to cytokine profiles. Gastroenterology 2005;128:541–51.
14. Niedzielin K, Kordecki H, Birkenfeld B. A controlled, double-blind, randomized study on the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum 299V in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;13:1143–7.
15. Williams CL, Villar RG, Peterson JM, Burks TF. Stress-induced changes in intestinal transit in the rat: a model for irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 1988;94:611–21.
16. Wang Y, Bi Z, Wang E, Sun B, Zheng Y, Zhong LL, et al. Rodent model of irritable bowel syndrome. Int J Gastroenterol Disord Ther 2017;4:131.
17. Vannucchi MG, Evangelista S. Experimental models of irritable bowel syndrome and the role of the enteric neurotransmission. J Clin Med 2018;7:E4.
18. Gue M, Del Rio-Lacheze C, Eutamene H, Theodorou V, Fioramonti J, Bueno L. Stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity to rectal distension in rats: role of CRF and mast cells. Neurogastroenterol Motil 1997;9:271–9.
19. Traini C, Evangelista S, Girod V, Faussone-Pellegrini MS, Vannucchi MG. Changes of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the colon of rats underwent to the wrap partial restraint stress. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;28:1172–85.
20. Traini C, Evangelista S, Girod V, Faussone-Pellegrini MS, Vannucchi MG. Repeated otilonium bromide administration prevents neurotransmitter changes in colon of rats underwent to wrap restraint stress. J Cell Mol Med 2017;21:735–45.
21. Bashashati M, Moossavi S, Cremon C, Barbaro MR, Moraveji S, Talmon G, et al. Colonic immune cells in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018;30:e13192.
22. Hirata T, Keto Y, Funatsu T, Akuzawa S, Sasamata M. Evaluation of the pharmacological profile of ramosetron, a novel therapeutic agent for irritable bowel syndrome. J Pharmacol Sci 2007;104:263–73.
23. Fukudo S, Ida M, Akiho H, Nakashima Y, Matsueda K. Effect of ramosetron on stool consistency in male patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;12:953–9.
24. Lee KJ, Kim NY, Kwon JK, Huh KC, Lee OY, Lee JS, et al. Efficacy of ramosetron in the treatment of male patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: a multicenter, randomized clinical trial, compared with mebeverine. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;23:1098–104.
25. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization Expert Consultation Report. Evaluation of health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with the live lactic acid bacteria [Internet]. Rome (IT): Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; c2020 [cited 2020 Feb 25]. Available from:
http://www.fao.org/3/a-a0512e.pdf.
26. Clarke G, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Quigley EM. Review article: probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: focus on lactic acid bacteria. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012;35:403–13.
27. Holtmann GJ, Ford AC, Talley NJ. Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;1:133–46.
28. Kanazawa M, Hongo M, Fukudo S. Visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;26 Suppl 3:119–21.
29. Kajander K, Hatakka K, Poussa T, Farkkila M, Korpela R. A probiotic mixture alleviates symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a controlled 6-month intervention. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:387–94.
30. Williams EA, Stimpson J, Wang D, Plummer S, Garaiova I, Barker ME, et al. Clinical trial: a multistrain probiotic preparation significantly reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009;29:97–103.